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D. R. FRASER.

PISTON PACKING. No.- 35,439.

Patented June 3 1862.

ATENT 13.13.; ERASERQ-OE CHICAGO, LLINOIS. a

onoflettfers we e K0135 139, dated June a; 1862.

and use niy inrention I willprooeedto dev FRnsEn,';of Chiunty of Cook and Stateuof newand s'efulflma fscribe its construction and ope-ration with reference ito the drawings.

To the termini of the arms of the: piston i A, Figs. 1,2, and 3, T "sha ped'slides B, are fitted by ineans of groovesa the arms? yslots 5, in the s1ides, and set screws c passing through the slots into the arms, allowing the r slides tonplay in the grooves-but preventing 6 5 base of the slidesds made wedgingc So also their disconnection from the -The a i-s the surface with which said base comes in V :contact, in such manner thattheslids moveuout from the armsor the center; of the pistons a vertical Central: sec; line of Fig. 11. Figs. 3,4, detail andmodifier L CELtlOIlStOf mprov mentsn g l lettersiofi-referen 111 'eachcofzth'e packing r ngswfor.

2nd ange-mentoof two es to more: sliding :seats one end of eaehslide and betweenthe piston head or follower a spring d is arranged, and it: tends to force "the slide -up1the-wedgebase whenever they traversein the grooves; At

of the "grooyea, at all tin'nes does do so Whenever wear in the packing requires an "packing;

perforated and e1 an11eled ;pao1 ing "ring G,

is arranged 'soas to fit snugly between the I 'followers an-d present a good support to the" closed bya Valve: edge rout haying a angeinent i of a oltfor its equivacnmferenoeof the ring and may be about ring is made to encircle this ringfl i-And the perforations F, extend from the inner surexpansion or distension of thQfll'IIgStOflOHlpensate for the reduceddiameter301i the Around the piston head in close eontaet P with the broad ends of theT slides, a cut,

samewThe out 6, in this ring-is of Wedge d ShRPGEHJIId is" located at thebase of the piston head. The ohannel f, is in the outer oirhalf thelengt h of the ring; but this length .inust be betweentwo end portions on oppo- :site sides of the center, so that a steam; tight earing s urfaoeon both; sides of; the ohannel 'shalh be iniaintained 5 when another a faoe'of the ring into the channel From thehudo of thepistonhead a screw bolt D,extends downward and terminates in I a Wedge E, whioh fits and olos'esthecut e of f i the ring '6. The screw bolt is tappedin the 1 th plstonviheadiiand with that -the gravityof d e tends to llceep th Fnut g,--fit ted""on it at a point outside of'the" hub, and by this construction the piston g rings; head is Centered relatively tothe axis ofthe as the cylinder of an engine, and whenthe piston I is in use its-gravity: upon the Wedgetends to distend thepaokingand hold it in that coniditionrj 1 At apointdirectlygabovethe axis of the 9 J pistonhead and in'line with steani inletipas sag s 7 an p rf rations 3; f rmed" lathe" 1W "hub. of thepistfon headand has an adjusting 100 a followers of the piston and in the ring C, an open ended cylindric chamber F, with discharge passage E, in its circumference, is formed on the inner surface of the ring C. Within this chamber two short cylindric seats G, G, are fitted so as to slide toward and from each other, steam tight. The bore of these seats is partly cylindric and partly conic, there being a square shoulder j, formed between the two differing portions of the bore of each seat by reason of the cylindric portion being of smaller diameter than the conic portion. These seats are kept apart and in place by means of a spring 7', which rests against the shoulders, y', j, as shown. And to each of the seats is adjusted a circular valve G with a triangular shaped leg. These valves are kept in place and apart by means of another spiral spring Z, which fits within the spring j, and around short stems m, m, which protrude from the backs of the valves as shown. By this arrangement the seats accommodate themselves to the adjustments imparted to the followers of the piston, and the valves control the admission of steam into the piston, and the chamber keeps the steam from the interior or central space of the piston, and insures its immediate escape into the channel of packing ring G, and into another channel presently described.

By having two valves constructed and arranged as shown one spring answers for both and one valve confines the steam while the other is admitting it in one direction of the piston, and when the piston reverses its movement the oflices of the respective valves are reversed.

Around the outside of the ring and its attachments, a cut ring H is placed, being ground so as to make an easy fit between the followers of the piston. This ring has a series of small passages 4" cut through it from its inner to its outer circumference, said passages being over the channeled portion of the ring G. Both circumferences of the ring H, are plainthat is unchanneled.

Another ring I, made up of sections or two narrow rings I, formed of segments, are placed around the rings C and H, being ground so as to form an easy fit between the followers. These rings are free to eX- pand or open where the segments join. They have segment channels J, cut in their outer circumference, and these channels lead by means of small apertures 0 and the apertures n into the channel of the packing ring. There are also recesses p formed around the outer portion of the ends of these rings as shown. The segment sections are held together in any of the approved modes known in the art. By this arrangement a portion of the steam'which enters through the valve passages into the channel of the ring C, circu t in e nnels J, and relieves the packing rings I, of any undue pressure of the stream in the channel f, of-ring C. This arangement also, by means of the spaces or recesses 79, admits the steam which circulates outside the piston around the outer circumference of the followers, to act against the rings I, and press the rings together steam tight at s. I

In Fig. 1, substantially the same arrangement as that described, is shown with the addition of a bridge K, on the inner ring C, and a jam nut q, on'the adjusting bolt. Two additional adjusting nuts and screws 1, 7", are also provided at different points on the ring C. The ring H, instead of the ring C, is distended by the wedge E.

In Figs. 5, and 6, substantially the same arrangement of rings and piston head is shown, but the valves are placed in two separate steam chambers L, L, instead of in a single chamber, and two wedges M, E, are provided, one of which expands the ring C, by a spring and the other the ring H, by the gravity of the piston.

In Fig. 8, the same arrangement of rings and valves as is seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 4 is adopted, but the outer ring consists of four cylindrical sections, and all of the rings are cut and one wedge E answers for closing the openings of all, and keeping them steam tight, laterally, in a converse manner to that of the steam recesses 79, shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 and 5.

My invention answers well for both upright and horizontal engines. In the former the wedge slides are used to greater advantage than in the latter, as they by their gravity and the action of the springs adjust themselves with certainty to the gradual wear of the packing, and thus tend to distend the rings in a manner to compensate for said wear. But in horizontal engines the wedge slides may be dispensed with and other modes of compensating for the wear adopted.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. While not claiming the admitting of steam between the cylinder and the circumference of the piston, I do claim employing through means substantially as described, the combination of the expanding action and compressing action of steam at one and the same time upon the ring or rings I of a piston, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The arrangement of the valves, their seats, their springs and their chambers with relation to the piston head and follower and the packing rings, for the purposes described.

3. The construction of the ring C substantially as and for the purpose described.

4:. While not claiming the employment of three l y rs. of packing ir espective of the construction ofthe same, I do claim the arrangement and combination of the packing rings C, H,;I,the:wh0le constructed in the mannerand ffor the purpose described.

5. Whilefnot 1 claiming a Wedge for expanding V packing, 1 nor a screw and nut for regulatingthei spring of such Wedge, I do c1ainrthe combination and arrangement of the ,wedge 15, or: its equivalent with the centerin bolt ori screw D, of the piston, Substantlally in thefmanner and for the purpose described. it

6. The interposition of self adjusting Wedges B, substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

7 Adjusting the packing by means of Wedges B, applied between it and the arms of the piston heads A, Whether the Wedges be operated automatically or otherwise, for the purpose set forth.

8. The spaces 79, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

D. R. FRASER.

Witnesses:

J. L. FARGO, L. D. TURNER. 

